Unless stated otherwise, my source for hymn texts and tunes is The Lutheran Service Book.

Friday, October 30, 2020

"Behold a Host, Arrayed in White"

Over the last two years, I noted some features in "Behold a Host, Arrayed in White," sung to the tune "Den store hvide flok."  Musically, the tune is divided into three sections, and all of the features I noticed occur at the end of either the first or third section.  While these two sections aren't exactly the same, the last three phrases are, so I made only one excerpt of notation:


At the end of the first section of the second verse, there are the lines "Those martyrs stand, / A priestly band, / God's throne forever near."  "Forever" is sung with a melisma (F# E F# E), musically giving a sense of duration.  In the same spot in the third verse, there are the lines "Extol the Lord, / Who with His Word / Sustained you on the way."  Here, "sustained" is sung with a melisma (D E F# G), which gives something of a sense of its meaning (prolonged, to use a different word).

At the end of the last section (the end of the hymn), there are these lines in the third verse:  "Lift up one voice; / Let heav'n rejoice / In our Redeemer's song!"  "Lift up" is sung to an ascending group of notes (F# G A), illustrating its meaning, and "lift" is even sung with a melisma to emphasize this.  "Redeemer's" is sung to a cross inscription, illustrating that it's through Christ's crucifixion and resurrection that we are redeemed.  In fact, at the end of each section, there are three cross inscriptions in the tune, but this instance has the strongest connection between the tune and the text.

I also noticed a purely textual feature:  in the line "They now serve God both day and night" in the first verse, "day and night" is a merism.

Wednesday, October 28, 2020

LSB #543 "What Wondrous Love Is This"

Biblical citations in the hymnal:  1 John 4:7-10, Revelation 5:6-13, John 8:58

1 John 4:7-10:  "7 Beloved, let us love one another, for love is from God, and whoever loves has been born of God and knows God.  8 Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love.  9 In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him.  10 In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins."

Revelation 5:6-13:  "6 And between the throne and the four living creatures and among the elders I saw a Lamb standing, as though it had been slain, with seven horns and with seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth.  7 And he went and took the scroll from the right hand of him who was seated on the throne.  8 And when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each holding a harp, and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints.  9 And they sang a new song, saying, 'Worthy are you to take the scroll and to open its seals, for you were slain, and by your blood you ransomed people for God from every tribe and language and people and nation, 10 and you have made them a kingdom and priests to our God, and they shall reign on the earth.'  11 Then I looked, and I heard around the throne and the living creatures and the elders the voice of many angels, numbering myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands, 12 saying with a loud voice, 'Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing!'  13 And I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea, and all that is in them, saying, 'To him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be blessing and honor and glory and might forever and ever!'"

John 8:58:  "Jesus said to them [the Jews], 'Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.'"

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The text is public domain:
What wondrous love is this, O my soul, O my soul!
What wondrous love is this, O my soul!
What wondrous love is this
That caused the Lord of bliss
To bear the dreadful curse for my soul, for my soul,
To bear the dreadful curse for my soul!
When I was sinking down, sinking down, sinking down,
When I was sinking down, sinking down,
When I was sinking down
Beneath God's righteous frown,
Christ laid aside His crown for my soul, for my soul,
Christ laid aside His crown for my soul.
To God and to the Lamb I will sing, I will sing;
To God and to the Lamb I will sing;
To God and to the Lamb,
Who is the great I AM,
While millions join the theme, I will sing, I will sing,
While millions join the theme, I will sing.
And when from death I'm free, I'll sing on, I'll sing on;
And when from death I'm free, I'll sing on.
And when from death I'm free,
I'll sing His love for me,
And through eternity I'll sing on, I'll sing on,
And through eternity I'll sing on.
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The Biblical sources for this hymn are clearly delineated.  The first two verses come from the text from 1 John 4, and the third and fourth verses come mostly from the text from Revelation 5.  The line "Who is the great I AM" in the third verse comes from John 8:58, which references Exodus 3:14:  "God said to Moses, 'I AM WHO I AM.'  And he said, 'Say this to the people of Israel, "I AM has sent me to you."'"

Friday, October 23, 2020

"I Am Trusting Thee, Lord Jesus"

I transcribed "I Am Trusting Thee, Lord Jesus" last month and found a few features to write about.  Every verse begins with "I am trusting Thee...."  This is a rhetorical device called anaphora, and in its use here, it illustrates the surety of that trust.

I also found a couple connections between the text and the music, specifically the last two phrases:

The tune is "Stephanos," a transliteration of στέφανος, the Greek word for crown.

The fourth verse ends with the lines "Ev'ry day and hour supplying / All my need."  "Ev'ry" is sung with a melisma (C D E), musically giving a sense of frequency.  The last (sixth) verse ends with the lines "I am trusting Thee forever / And for all."  "Forever" is sung with a melisma (G A Bb A), musically giving a sense of duration, and "all" is sung to a whole note for a sense of entirety.

Wednesday, October 21, 2020

LSB #542 "When I Behold Jesus Christ"

Biblical citations in the hymnal:  Romans 5:8, 1 John 4:9-10, John 15:13

Romans 5:8:  "but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us."

1 John 4:9-10:  "9 In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him.  10 In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins."

John 15:13:  "'Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends.'"

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The first two citations (Romans 5:8 and 1 John 4:9-10) appear throughout the first three verses, in which the speaker/singer "wonder[s] much at His love / As He hung on the tree" and "bled and died" for our sins.

The beginning of the fourth verse ("What love is this?  Greater love / No one has ever known.") doesn't exactly come from John 15:13 but clearly references it.

Friday, October 16, 2020

"God of Grace and God of Glory"

A little over a year ago, "God of Grace and God of Glory" was one of the hymns I sang in church, and I noticed a small feature in the second verse.  The third and fourth lines are "From the fears that long have bound us / Free our hearts to faith and praise," sung to these phrases from the tune "Cwm Rhondda":


"Long" is sung with a melisma (F E), musically giving a sense of duration.

Years ago, I also noticed an-other small feature.  The first two lines of the hymn are "God of grace and God of glory, / On Your people pour Your pow'r," sung to these phrases:


"Pour Your pow'r" is sung to a descending group of notes (A G F), illustrating this "pour[ing]."

Wednesday, October 14, 2020

LSB #541 "'Away from Us!' the Demon Cried"

Biblical citations in the hymnal:  Mark 1:23-26, John 3:19-21, Ephesians 5:8-14, Hebrews 9:14

Mark 1:23-26:  "23 And immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit.  And he cried out, 24 'What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth?  Have you come to destroy us?  I know who you are - the Holy One of God.'  25 But Jesus rebuked him, saying, 'Be silent, and come out of him!'  26 And the unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying out with a loud voice, came out of him."

John 3:19-21:  "19 'And this is the judgement:  the light has come into the world, and people loved the darkness rather than the light because their works were evil.  20 For everyone who does wicked things hates the light and does not come to the light, lest his works should be exposed.  21 But whoever does what is true comes to the light, so that it may be clearly seen that his works have been carried out in God.'"

Ephesians 5:8-14:  "8 for at one time you were darkness, but now you are light in the Lord.  Walk as children of light 9 (for the fruit of light is found in all that is good and right and true), 10 and try to discern what is pleasing to the Lord.  11 Take no part in the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead expose them.  12 For it is shameful even to speak of the things that they do in secret.  13 But when anything is exposed by the light, it becomes visible, 14 for anything that becomes visible is light.  Therefore it says, 'Awake, O sleeper, and arise from the dead, and Christ will shine on you.'"

Hebrews 9:14:  "how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God."

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The hymn is divided into two sections.  The first section (the first two verses) describes the opposition between the "dark, disordered world" of the demons and Christ as "the Light," who drives them out.  This section is drawn from the first three texts:  Mark 1:23-26, John 3:19-21, and Ephesians 5:8-14.

The second section (verses three through five) asks the Lord to "Come, speak the truth that cleanses sin," "Drive out the doubt that cripples faith; / Expel our pride and greed," and give us "hearts and wills made new... to serve, / To rise and follow You."  This section comes from Hebrews 9:14, although "Walk as children of light... and try to discern what is pleasing to the Lord" from Ephesians 5 could apply here too.

The hymn also deserves some citations from John.  "Light," "Truth," and "Word" are capitalized in the hymn text, indicating that these refer to Jesus.  He calls Himself "Light" in John 8:12 and "Truth" in John 14:6, and He is called the "Word" in John 1:1, 14.

Sunday, October 11, 2020

"Windsor" (TLH #176)


Because this is a shorter tune, I went through it three times.

Friday, October 9, 2020

"Do Not Despair, O Little Flock"

Back when I transcribed LSB #666 "O Little Flock, Fear Not the Foe" (and noticed a few things, about which I wrote last week), I also transcribed its counterpart in Lutheran Worship:  "Do Not Despair, O Little Flock" (#300).  The translations are quite different, and/so there's a small feature in "Do Not Despair, O Little Flock" that isn't in "O Little Flock, Fear Not the Foe."  Rather than write one confusing post about both hymns, I decided to write about them separately.

The fourth verse of "Do Not Despair, O Little Flock" begins:  "Then help us, Lord! Now hear our prayer. / Defend your people ev'rywhere."  That second line is sung to this phrase from the tune "Kommt her zu mir":


The three syllables of "ev'rywhere" are each sung to a different pitch (B A G#), musically giving a sense of breadth.

Wednesday, October 7, 2020

LSB #540 "Christ, the Word of God Incarnate"

Biblical citations in the hymnal:  John 1:1-14; 6:30-40, 48-58; 10:7-16, 27-28; 15:1-8

John 1:1-14:  "1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.  2 He was in the beginning with God.  3 All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made.  4 In him was life, and the life was the light of men.  5 The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it.  5 The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it.

"6 There was a man sent from God, whose name was John.  7 He came as a witness, to bear witness about the light, that all might believe through him.  8 He was not the light, but came to bear witness about the light.

"9 The true light, which enlightens everyone, was coming into the world.  10 He was in the world, and the world was made through him, yet the world did not know him.  11 He came to his own, and his own people did not receive him.  12 But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God, 13 who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God.

"14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth."

John 6:30-40:  "30 So they [people in a crowd] said to him, 'Then what sign do you do, that we may see and believe you?  What work do you perform?  31 Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness; as it is written, "He gave them bread from heaven to eat."'  32 Jesus then said to them, 'Truly, truly, I say to you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread from heaven.  33 For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.'  34 They said to him, 'Sir, give us this bread always.'

"35 Jesus said to them, 'I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst.  36 But I said to you that you have seen me and yet do not believe.  37 All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never cast out.  38 For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me.  39 And this is the will of him who sent me, that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me, but raise it up on the last day.  40 For this is the will of my Father, that everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.'"

John 6:48-58:  "48 'I am the bread of life.  49 Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died.  50 This is the bread that comes down from heaven, so that one may eat of it and not die.  51 I am the living bread that came down from heaven.  If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever.  And the bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.'

"52 The Jews then disputed among themselves, saying, 'How can this man give us his flesh to eat?'  53 So Jesus said to them, 'Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.  54 Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.  55 For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink.  56 Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him.  57 As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so whoever feeds on me, he also will live because of me.  58 This is the bread that came down from heaven, not like the bread the fathers ate and died.  Whoever feeds on this bread will live forever.'"

John 10:7-16:  "7 'So Jesus again said to them, 'Truly, truly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep.  8 All who came before me are thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them.  9 I am the door.  If anyone enters by me, he will be saved and will go in and out and find pasture.  10 The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy.  I came that they may have life and have it abundantly.  11 I am the good shepherd.  The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.  12 He who is a hired hand and not a shepherd, who does not own the sheep, sees the wolf coming and leaves the sheep and flees, and the wolf snatches them and scatters them.  13 He flees because he is a hired hand and cares nothing for the sheep.  14 I am the good shepherd.  I know my own and my own know me, 15 just as the Father knows me and I know the Father; and I lay down my life for the sheep.  16 And I have other sheep that are not of this fold.  I must bring them also, and they will listen to my voice.  So there will be one flock, one shepherd.  17 For this reason the Father loves me, because I lay down my life that I may take it up again.'"

John 10:27-28:  "27 'My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.  28 I give them eternal life, and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand.'"

John 15:1-8:  "1 'I am the true vine, and my Father is the vinedresser.  2 Every branch in me that does not bear fruit he takes away, and every branch that does bear fruit he prunes, that it may bear more fruit.  3 Already you are clean because of the word that I have spoken to you.  4 Abide in me, and I in you.  As the branch cannot bear fruit by itself, unless it abides in the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in me.  5 I am the vine; you are the branches.  Whoever abides in me and I in him, he it is that bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing.  6 If anyone does not abide in me he is thrown away like a branch and withers; and the branches are gathered, thrown into the fire, and burned.  7 If you abide in me, and my words abide in you, ask whatever you wish, and it will be done for you.  8 By this my Father is glorified, that you bear much fruit and so prove to be my disciples.'"

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John 1 appears in the first verse, most clearly in the lines "Christ, the Word of God incarnate," "Christ, the radiance of the Father," and "Christ, the light, You shine unvanquished, / Light and life You bring to all."  The lines "Lord and Son of Abraham" and "Perfect God, the great I AM" seem to come from John 8:58 (referencing Exodus 3:14):  "Jesus said to them, 'Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.'"  The line "Light our path with Your own presence" refers to Psalm 119:105:  "Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path."

The passages from John 6 appear in the second verse, which starts:  "Christ, the living bread from heaven."  The verse ends with the lines "Quench our thirst with living water / Springing up eternally," which refers to John 4:14:  "'but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never be thirsty again.  The water that I will give him will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life.'"

John 15 appears in the third verse, which focuses on Jesus as "the shoot that springs triumphant / From the stump of Jesse's tree; / Christ, true vine...."  This also incorporates Isaiah 11:1:  "There shall come forth a shoot from the stump of Jesse, and a branch from his roots shall bear fruit."

John 10 appears in the fourth verse, which is about Jesus as "our good and faithful shepherd."

The fifth verse comes primarily from (the uncited) John 14:6:  "Jesus said to [Thomas], 'I am the way, and the truth, and the life.  No one comes to the Father except through me.'"  There are also some smaller allusions:  "Christ, the truth that frees the captive" (Luke 4:18, citing Isaiah 61:1), "Mediator to the Father, / Sacrifice and great High Priest" (Hebrews 9), "Lead us to Your heav'nly mansions" (John 14:2), "There to share Your wedding feast" (Revelation 19:9).

Similarly, the last verse combines multiple passages:  "Christ, the Alpha and Omega" (Revelation 1:8; 21:6; 22:13), "Christ, the life and resurrection" (John 11:25), and "Christ, the firstborn from the dead... Christ, the Church's glorious head" (Colossians 1:18).

Sunday, October 4, 2020

Friday, October 2, 2020

"O Little Flock, Fear Not the Foe"

About a year ago, I transcribed the text of "O Little Flock, Fear Not the Foe" and found a couple small things to write about.  The hymn is sung to the tune "Kommt her zu mir."  Here's the last musical phrase:


The second verse ends with the lines "His Gideon shall for you arise, / Uphold you and His Word."  "Uphold" is sung to a fairly large ascending interval (a fifth:  E to B), giving something of a sense of the word's meaning.

The fourth verse ends with the lines "So shall Thy saints and martyrs raise / A mighty chorus to Thy praise / Forevermore.  Amen."  The value of the notes to which "forever" is sung (E B A G) add up to six beats.  This is the most for any word in the hymn and gives a sense of duration.